| 1977:
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| | vaccine against the deadly rinderpest
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| The Age of biotechnology arrives with
| |
| | virus. The human genome project is set
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| somatostatin - a human growth
| |
| | up, a collaboration between scientists
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| hormone-releasing inhibitory factor, the
| |
| | from countries around the world to work
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| first human protein manufactured in
| |
| | out the whole of the human genetic code.
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| bacteria by Genentech, Inc. A synthetic,
| |
| | 1990:
|
| recombinant gene was used to clone a
| |
| | The first gene therapy takes place, on a
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| protein for the first time.
| |
| | four-year-old girl with an immune-system
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| 1978:
| |
| | disorder called ADA deficiency. The human
|
| Genentech, Inc. and The City of Hope
| |
| | genome project is formally launched.
|
| National Medical Center announce the
| |
| | 1991:
|
| successful laboratory production of human
| |
| | Mary-Claire King, of the University of
|
| insulin using recombinant DNA technology.
| |
| | California, Berkeley, finds evidence that
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| Hutchinson and Edgell show it is possible
| |
| | a gene on chromosome 17 causes the
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| to introduce specific mutations at
| |
| | inherited form of breast cancer and also
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| specific sites in a DNA molecule.
| |
| | increases the risk of ovarian cancer.
|
| 1979:
| |
| | Tracey the first transgenic sheep is
|
| Sir Walter Bodmer suggests a way of using
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| | born.
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| DNA technology to find gene markers to
| |
| | 1992:
|
| show up specific genetic diseases and
| |
| | The first liver xenotransplant from one
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| their carriers. John Baxter reports
| |
| | type of animal to another is carried out
|
| cloning the gene for human growth
| |
| | successfully. Chiron's Proleukin is
|
| hormone.
| |
| | approved for the treatment of renal cell
|
| 1980:
| |
| | cancer.
|
| The prokaryote model, E. coli, is used to
| |
| | 1993:
|
| produce insulin and other medicine, in
| |
| | The FDA declares that genetically
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| human form. Researchers successfully
| |
| | engineered foods are "not inherently
|
| introduce a human gene - one that codes
| |
| | dangerous" and do not require special
|
| for the protein interferon- into a
| |
| | regulation. Chiron's Betaseron is
|
| bacterium. The U.S. patent for gene
| |
| | approved as the first treatment for
|
| cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer.
| |
| | multiple sclerosis in 20 years.
|
| 1981:
| |
| | 1994:
|
| Scientists at Ohio University produce the
| |
| | The first genetically engineered food
|
| first transgenic animals by transferring
| |
| | product, the Flavr Savr tomato, gained
|
| genes from other animals into mice. The
| |
| | FDA approval. The first breast cancer
|
| first gene-synthesizing machines are
| |
| | gene is discovered. Genentech's Nutropin
|
| developed. Chinese scientists
| |
| | is approved for the treatment of growth
|
| successfully clone a golden carp fish.
| |
| | hormone deficiency.
|
| 1982:
| |
| | 1995:
|
| Genentech, Inc. receives approval from
| |
| | Researchers at Duke University Medical
|
| the Food and Drug Administration to
| |
| | Center transplanted hearts from
|
| market genetically engineered human
| |
| | genetically altered pigs into baboons,
|
| insulin. Applied Biosystems, Inc.
| |
| | proving that cross-species operations are
|
| introduces the first commercial gas phase
| |
| | possible. The bacterium Haemophilus
|
| protein sequencer.
| |
| | influenzae is the first living organism
|
| 1983:
| |
| | in the world to have its entire genome
|
| The polymerase chain reaction is invented
| |
| | sequenced.
|
| by Kary B Mullis. The first artificial
| |
| | 1996:
|
| chromosome is synthesized, and the first
| |
| | Biogen's Avonex is approved for the
|
| genetic markers for specific inherited
| |
| | treatment of multiple sclerosis. The
|
| diseases are found.
| |
| | discovery of a gene associated with
|
| 1984:
| |
| | Parkinson's disease provides an important
|
| Chiron Corp. announces the first cloning
| |
| | new avenue of research into the cause and
|
| and sequencing of the entire human
| |
| | potential treatment of the debilitating
|
| immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome. Alec
| |
| | neurological ailment.
|
| Jeffreys introduces technique for DNA
| |
| | 1997:
|
| fingerprinting to identify individuals.
| |
| | Researchers at Scotland's Roslin
|
| The first genetically engineered vaccine
| |
| | Institute report that they have cloned a
|
| is developed.
| |
| | sheep--named Dolly--from the cell of an
|
| 1985:
| |
| | adult ewe. The FDA approves Rituxan, the
|
| Cetus Corporation's develops GeneAmp
| |
| | first antibody-based therapy for cancer.
|
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
| |
| | 1998:
|
| technology, which could generate billions
| |
| | The first complete animal genome the
|
| of copies of a targeted gene sequence in
| |
| | C.elegans worm is sequenced. James
|
| only hours. Scientists find a gene marker
| |
| | Thomson at Wisconsin and John Gearhart in
|
| for cystic fibrosis on chromosome number
| |
| | Baltimore each develop a technique for
|
| 7.
| |
| | culturing embryonic stem cells.
|
| 1986:
| |
| | 1999:
|
| The first genetically engineered human
| |
| | A new medical diagnostic test will for
|
| vaccine - Chiron's Recombivax HB - is
| |
| | the first time allow quick identification
|
| approved for the prevention of hepatitis
| |
| | of BSE/CJD a rare but devastating form of
|
| B. A regiment of scientists and
| |
| | neurologic disease transmitted from
|
| technicians at Caltech and Applied
| |
| | cattle to humans.
|
| Biosystems, Inc. invented the automated
| |
| | 2000:
|
| DNA fluorescence sequencer.
| |
| | "Golden Rice," modified to make vitamin
|
| 1987:
| |
| | A. Cloned pigs are born for the first
|
| The first outdoor tests on a genetically
| |
| | time in work done by Alan Coleman and his
|
| engineered bacterium are allowed. It
| |
| | team at PPL, the Edinburgh-based company
|
| inhibits frost formation on plants.
| |
| | responsible for Dolly the sheep.
|
| Genentech's tissue plasminogen activator
| |
| | 2001:
|
| (tPA), sold as Activase, is approved as a
| |
| | The sequence of the human genome is
|
| treatment for heart attacks.
| |
| | published in Science and Nature, making
|
| 1988:
| |
| | it possible for researchers all over the
|
| Harvard molecular geneticists Philip
| |
| | world to begin developing genetically
|
| Leder and Timothy Stewart awarded the
| |
| | based treatments for disease.
|
| first patent for a genetically altered
| |
| | 2002:
|
| animal, a mouse that is highly
| |
| | Researchers sequence the DNA of rice, and
|
| susceptible to breast cancer
| |
| | is the first crop to have its genome
|
| 1989:
| |
| | decoded.
|
| UC Davis scientists develop a recombinant
| |
| |
|
